The olfactory mucosa is a component of the nasal airway that mediates the sense of smell. Recent studies point to an important role for the olfactory mucosa as a barrier to both respiratory pathogens and to neuroinvasive pathogens that hijack the olfactory nerve and invade the CNS. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the olfactory mucosa is an integral part of a heterogeneous nasal mucosal barrier critical to upper airway immunity. However, our insufficient knowledge of olfactory mucosal immunity hinders attempts to protect this tissue from infection and other diseases. This Review summarizes the state of olfactory immunology by highlighting the unique immunologically relevant anatomy of the olfactory mucosa, describing what is known of olfactory immune cells, and considering the impact of common infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders at this site. We will offer our perspective on the future of the field and the many unresolved questions pertaining to olfactory immunity.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560121 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41577-023-00972-9 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
α-Synuclein distribution in olfactory mucosa and skin nerves in Parkinson disease associated with an EIF4G1 gene mutation.
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
January 2025
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
The EIF4G1 gene has been considered an autosomal dominant cause of Parkinson disease (PD), even if its role is still debated. The objective of this study was to describe the phenotype and α-synuclein distribution in peripheral tissues in 2 related PD patients (mother and daughter), who are carriers of the same variant in exon 10 of EIF4G1 (c.1216G>A, p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Effects of Circadian Rhythm on Lead-Induced Toxicity in the DBC1.2 Olfactory Dark Basal Cell Line.
Cells
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan.
Background/objectives: This study evaluated changes in circadian clock genes and mitochondrial function in a lead (Pb)-induced toxicity model of an olfactory epithelial cell line.
Methods: The DBC1.2 olfactory dark basal cell line was used.
Intranasal iron administration induces iron deposition, immunoactivation, and cell-specific vulnerability in the olfactory bulb of C57BL/6 mice.
Zool Res
January 2025
School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Brain Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China. E-mail:
Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the brain and is essential for brain development and neuronal function; however, its abnormal accumulation is also implicated in various neurological disorders. The olfactory bulb (OB), an early target in neurodegenerative diseases, acts as a gateway for environmental toxins and contains diverse neuronal populations with distinct roles. This study explored the cell-specific vulnerability to iron in the OB using a mouse model of intranasal administration of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntranasal Calcitriol Accelerates Improvement of Sinonasal Inflammation and Olfactory Impairment in Mice After Cessation of Chronic Cigarette-Smoke Exposure.
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
January 2025
Division of Division of Rhinology & Skull Base Surgery Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Rationale: Smoking has been shown to be associated with circulating deficiencies in 25(OH)D3 and reduced sinonasal tissue levels of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3. Given vitamin D's ability to reduce inflammation, we sought to examine if intranasal (IN) delivery of calcitriol [clinical analog of 1,25(OH)2D3] could reduce inflammation and improve disease severity in a murine model of chronic cigarette smoke-induced sinonasal inflammation (CS-SI).
Methods: Mice were exposed to CS 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 months, and then began IN calcitriol three times per week for 4 weeks.
Visualizing the spatial distribution of Alprazolam in the mouse brain following nasal administration using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging.
Int J Pharm
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China. Electronic address:
Alprazolam (Alp), a triazolobenzodiazepine, is widely prescribed for the treatment of sleep disorders, anxiety, and panic disorder. While oral administration remains the standard route, its slow onset of action has prompted interest in intranasal delivery as an alternative, offers the potential for direct drug delivery to the brain. This study aims to develop a fast-acting intranasal formulation of Alp (Alp-nd).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!