AI Article Synopsis

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, linked to factors such as obesity, alcohol, smoking, and hepatitis virus infections.
  • Early detection is crucial, and treatments like surgical options or percutaneous ablation are effective, while advanced cases often rely on Sorafenib, though the outcome remains grim.
  • The text explores the complex biological mechanisms behind HCC, including molecular signaling, inflammation, and immune system roles, and highlights new research on how mitochondrial dysfunction may influence HCC development.

Article Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the predominant causes of cancer-related mortality across the globe. It is attributed to obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and infection by the hepatitis virus. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential, and local treatments such as surgical excision and percutaneous ablation are effective. Palliative systemic therapy, primarily with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib, is used in advanced cases. However, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor. This Review additionally describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of HCC, which include aberrant molecular signaling, genomic instability, persistent inflammation, and the paradoxical position of the immune system in promoting and suppressing HCC. The paper concludes by discussing the growing body of research on the relationship between mitochondria and HCC, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the progression of HCC. This Review focuses on immunological interactions between different mechanisms of HCC progression, including obesity, viral infection, and alcohol consumption.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10714437PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00216DOI Listing

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