Effecting mechanisms of iron-rich sludge on ash fusion characteristics of coal with high ash fusion temperature under reducing atmosphere.

Co-gasification is crucial for large-scale clean conversion of coal and sludge. In this study, the effects of municipal sewage sludge (MSS, FeO:48.11 %) and pharmaceutical sewage sludge (PSS, FeO: 67.80 %) on ash fusion temperature (AFT) of high AFT Xiangyuan coal (XY) were explored using an AFT analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and thermodynamics FactSage calculation. The results showed that when MSS or PSS ash mass ratios reached 20 % or 16 % (for XY mixtures, the mass ratio of MSS or PSS should be >5.81 wt% or 5.07 wt%), respectively, the AFT met the requirement of liquid-slag discharge for entrained-flow bed gasification. Under a reducing atmosphere (6:4, CO/CO, volume ratio), Fe destroyed the bridging-oxygen bonds in the network structure and generated low melting-point (MP) hercynite (FeAlO). This resulted in the AFT decreases in the XY mixtures with the additions of PSS or MSS. Meanwhile, the high calcium content (CaO: 13.40 %) easily reacted with AlO and SiO and formed anorthite (CaAlSiO), which inhibited high-MP mullite formation and decreased the mixed XY AFT. With the increasing SS mass ratio, the surface of the ash sample and thermodynamic FactSage calculation were in good agreement with the experimental results.