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Lassa virus in novel hosts: insights into the epidemiology of lassa virus infections in southern Nigeria. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Identifying various animal hosts involved in spill-over events of infectious diseases is essential for understanding how viruses like Lassa virus (LASV) are transmitted to humans and pose public health risks.
  • Researchers conducted a study in southern Nigeria, screening domestic and non-domestic animals, including birds and lizards, to assess their potential as LASV reservoirs.
  • Results showed lizards had the highest positivity rates for LASV, while cattle showed significant seropositivity, pointing to the need for further analysis of these animal hosts to inform strategies for managing Lassa fever transmission.

Article Abstract

Identification of the diverse animal hosts responsible for spill-over events from animals to humans is crucial for comprehending the transmission patterns of emerging infectious diseases, which pose significant public health risks. To better characterize potential animal hosts of Lassa virus (LASV), we assessed domestic and non-domestic animals from 2021-2022 in four locations in southern Nigeria with reported cases of Lassa fever (LF). Birds, lizards, and domestic mammals (dogs, pigs, cattle and goats) were screened using RT-qPCR, and whole genome sequencing was performed for lineage identification on selected LASV positive samples. Animals were also screened for exposure to LASV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among these animals, lizards had the highest positivity rate by PCR. Genomic sequencing of samples in most infected animals showed sub-lineage 2 g of LASV. Seropositivity was highest among cattle and lowest in pigs. Though the specific impact these additional hosts may have in the broader virus-host context are still unknown - specifically relating to pathogen diversity, evolution, and transmission - the detection of LASV in non-rodent hosts living in proximity to confirmed human LF cases suggests their involvement during transmission as potential reservoirs. Additional epidemiological data comparing viral genomes from humans and animals, as well as those circulating within the environment will be critical in understanding LASV transmission dynamics and will ultimately guide the development of countermeasures for this zoonotic health threat.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810657PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2023.2294859DOI Listing

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