Background: Screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells is helpful for the diagnosis and classification of ANA-associated rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis, and inflammatory myopathies. The dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern is a special HEp-2 IIF pattern (produced by anti-DFS70 antibodies) because it is not associated with a specific medical condition and therefore can obfuscate interpretation.
Content: In this paper, detection methods for and clinical associations of anti-DFS70 antibodies are reviewed.
Summary: The target antigen of the antibodies that cause the DFS pattern is a 70 kDa protein (DFS70). Commercial methods that detect antibodies to full-length or truncated DFS70 are available for use in clinical laboratories (ELISA, chemiluminescence, dot/line blot). Anti-DFS70 can be found in (apparently) healthy individuals (with a higher frequency in young individuals and in females), in several (inflammatory) conditions and in malignancy. There is no clinical association that is well-established. Special attention (and critical reflection) is given to the observation that monospecific anti-DFS70 (i.e., in the absence of antibodies that are linked to ANA-associated rheumatic diseases) is rarely found in ANA-associated rheumatic diseases.
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Longitudinal antinuclear antibody titers in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases.
Front Med (Lausanne)
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Department of Internal Medicine, Environmental Health, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Introduction: Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are a key feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and marker of subclinical autoimmunity. Little is known about longitudinal ANA titers in individuals from the general population or in predicting clinical disease course in persons with rheumatic diseases.
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Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Article Synopsis
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Combination of cytoplasmic and nuclear patterns on Hep-2 antinuclear antibody is useful as a screening test for anti-synthetase syndrome.
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The Centre for Rheumatic Disease, Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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DFS70 Autoantibodies: Clinical Utility in Antinuclear Antibody Testing.
Clin Chem
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Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Background: Screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells is helpful for the diagnosis and classification of ANA-associated rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis, and inflammatory myopathies. The dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern is a special HEp-2 IIF pattern (produced by anti-DFS70 antibodies) because it is not associated with a specific medical condition and therefore can obfuscate interpretation.
Content: In this paper, detection methods for and clinical associations of anti-DFS70 antibodies are reviewed.
The recognition of anti-nuclear antibody's dense fine speckled pattern and the detection of anti-DFS70 antibodies in the laboratory practice: Its prevalence and clinical significance.
Malays J Pathol
August 2023
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Anti-nuclear antibody test (ANA) is the test commonly requested for the working diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) particularly in ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARDs) such as SLE, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, mixed connective tissue diseases, and dermatomyositis. Dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern is an ANA fluorescence pattern that is commonly encountered in laboratories. This pattern is largely detected among the healthy population and in non-SARDs patients.
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