Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is used to improve the motor function of paralyzed limbs and prevent muscle atrophy in stroke patients. The system for electrical stimulation is broadly classified into current-mode stimulators and voltage-mode stimulators. The current-mode stimulator adjusts the amplitude of the current, whereas the amplitude of the voltage is adjusted for voltage-mode stimulators. Voltagemode stimulators have the advantage that there is little risk of burns even if the electrode is partially detached. To perform arbitrary current-mode stimulation with voltage-mode stimulators, it is necessary to generate a stimulating voltage based on the skin impedance. As a primary experiment, the frequency characteristics of the electrode-skin impedance were measured using an impedance analyzer on 6 subjects, and the frequency band in which the skin impedance is equivalent to a parallel connection between resistance and capacitance was determined. A prototype bridge circuit with a skin impedance equivalent circuit implemented was designed, assembled, and tested to estimate the skin impedances of 3 subjects. The residuals were computed from the estimated skin-impedance resistance and capacitance of the bridge circuit, and the impedance-analyzer-measured resistance and capacitance. The residuals between the estimated and measured were up to 4.4 % in the resistance component, and up to 8.2 % in the capacitance component of the skin impedance measurements by the impedance analyzer.
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