The loss of the ability to blink is considered the most severe consequence of facial nerve paralysis. Surgical techniques and implantable technologies continue to be developed to reanimate the eye; however, few analyse the full movement of blink when evaluating success. Here, we describe a method of taking high-quality, and high-speed video recordings of the eye, to non-invasively extract meaningful data about the dynamic movement of blinking. This can then be used to assess the effectiveness of a new technology in mimicking the natural movement. The tool was validated on humans (N=2, authors) before testing on an ovine recording (N=1), to confirm the cross-species utility of the tool, for use during preclinical development of technologies. It was found to be accurate and comprehensive, able to give insights on blinking in both human and ovine cases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340397 | DOI Listing |
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
July 2023
Biol Psychiatry
March 2020
Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Background: The startle eye-blink is the cross-species translational tool to study defensive behavior in affective neuroscience with relevance to a broad range of neuropsychiatric conditions. It makes use of the startle reflex, a defensive response elicited by an immediate, unexpected sensory event, which is potentiated when evoked during threat and inhibited during safety. In contrast to skin conductance responses or pupil dilation, modulation of the startle reflex is valence specific.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortex
October 2008
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, a cross-species measure of sensorimotor gating, provides a valuable tool to study the known inability of a large proportion of individuals with schizophrenia to effectively screen out irrelevant sensory input. The cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuitry is thought to be responsible for modulation of PPI in experimental animals. The involvement of this circuitry in human PPI is supported by observations of deficient PPI in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders that are characterised by abnormalities at some level in this circuitry, and findings of recent functional neuroimaging studies in healthy participants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Neuropsychopharmacol
August 2007
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
A key feature of schizophrenia is the inability to screen out irrelevant sensory input. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, a cross-species measure of sensorimotor gating, provides a valuable opportunity to study this feature. PPI is reliably impaired in schizophrenia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper describes a reliable, durable, and readily calibrated hardware interface system designed to present sensory stimuli at precise time intervals and to transduce and digitize behavioral data in classical conditioning experiments. It has been extensively tested in a 'model'-associative learning task, conditioning of eyeblink or nictitating membrane responses, but is readily adapted to other behavioral paradigms. Each system can run a pair of conditioned experimental or pseudoconditioned control subjects simultaneously, or collect data from a single subject carrying out two tasks simultaneously.
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