Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
Published: April 2023
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Large scale high-energy density science facilities continue to grow in scale and complexity worldwide. The increase in driver capabilities, including pulsed-power and lasers, continue to push the boundaries of temperature, pressure, and densities, opening up new physics regimes. X-ray imaging is one of the many diagnostic techniques that are used to probe states of matter in these extreme conditions. Improved fabrication and polishing methods have provided improved x-ray microscope performance, while improving detector and x-ray sources now enable pico-second imaging with few micron resolutions. This Review will cover x-ray imaging methods, primarily absorption imaging, and their improvements over the last few decades.
The thyroid is a rare site for finding tumor metastases. Renal, colorectal, pulmonary, and mammary origin are the most frequent primary neoplasms. Clinical suspicion, early diagnosis, and active surveillance are important during follow-up.
Background: Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is a rare disorder characterized by clinical manifestations of hemichorea, non-ketotic hyperglycemia, and high signal on T1-weighted MRI or high density on CT scan in basal ganglia, typically associated with poor glycemic control.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze clinical characteristics of patients with diabetic striatopathy to raise awareness amongst physicians, especially endocrinologists, about this rare neurological manifestation in patients with diabetes.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data on clinical presentations, laboratory workups, and cranial CT and MRI of six patients with DS who were admitted to our hospital from October 2013 to June 2022.
Schwannomas are peripheral nerve sheath tumors that rarely arise from autonomic nerves of the pleural lining. Most often, they present as slow-growing tumors and are asymptomatic. Herein, we describe the case of an elderly male patient who presented with severe chest pain.
A rare type of localized gigantism known as macrodystrophia lipomatosa is characterized by a disproportionate increase in fibroadipose tissues and a gradual overgrowth of all mesenchymal elements. The distribution in the lower extremities' plantar nerves and the upper extremity's median nerve is most commonly observed. This abnormality is congenital and typically manifests at birth or during the neonatal stage.
Subcutaneous emphysema, caused by the presence of air or gas in subcutaneous tissues, can be infectious or noninfectious. A thorough clinical evaluation, including both physical examination and radiological imaging, is required to distinguish benign subcutaneous emphysema from necrotizing soft tissue infections. In this article, we report a 12-year-old female patient with benign subcutaneous emphysema of the upper extremity and highlight the importance of an accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
