Hetrombopag plus recombinant human thrombopoietin for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with solid tumors.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common hematological complication in patients with cancer. Hetrombopag is a novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist that has shown an additive effect in stimulating platelet production when combined with recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO).

Objectives: This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hetrombopag plus rhTPO compared with rhTPO alone for CIT.

Methods: A total of 294 patients with solid tumors and CIT (platelet count, <50 × 10/L) who received either rhTPO plus hetrombopag (146 patients) or rhTPO alone (148 patients) at 3 centers from January to December 2022 were included in the study. The primary outcome was a platelet count at least 50 × 10/L higher than the baseline value within 14 days. Chemotherapy dose reductions/delays, bleeding, and adverse events were reported.

Results: One hundred twenty patients (82.2%) in the rhTPO-hetrombopag group vs 100 patients (67.6%) in the rhTPO group achieved the primary outcome ( = .005). This significant difference persisted in adjusted analysis (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.60). A total of 115 patients (78.8%) in the rhTPO-hetrombopag group and 101 patients (68.2%) in the rhTPO group avoided chemotherapy dose reductions/delays ( = .041). There was no significant difference in bleeding rates, and adverse events were mild and similar between the 2 groups. No deaths occurred.

Conclusion: Compared to rhTPO alone, our findings suggest that the combination of hetrombopag and rhTPO is safe and more effective in patients with CIT.