Fine needle aspiration cytology in pediatric tumors: a low-cost, high-accuracy diagnostic tool for resource-limited settings.

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is gaining popularity in diagnosing pediatric tumors because of ease of performance, easy reproducibility, and low morbidity. However, literature on its efficacy in resource-limited settings is lacking. Hence, the present study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in pediatric tumors in a North Indian center where ancillary diagnostic techniques are unavailable.

Materials And Methods: This was a four-year retrospective and 1-year prospective study. Both direct and radiology-guided FNAs were performed in children under 14 years. Cytomorphologic diagnoses were compared with the corresponding histopathologic diagnoses, wherever available, and the concordance rates determined. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for pediatric tumors was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

Results: The present study included 125 cases of pediatric tumors, of which 65 were benign and 60 were malignant. The most common site of involvement was the head and neck. The most common benign pediatric tumor was pleomorphic adenoma, while the most common malignant tumor was non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The overall cytologic-histopathologic concordance was high (96.3%), with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 95.65% and 96.88%, respectively.

Conclusions: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific technique for diagnosing pediatric tumors, with a high histopathologic concordance, even in resource-limited setups where advanced ancillary techniques are unavailable. Nevertheless, additional ancillary techniques can complement FNAC to improve this diagnostic accuracy further.