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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2023.11.023 | DOI Listing |
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Early parent-child interaction and home environments of children exposed prenatally to opioids: A comparison of biological mothers and out-of-home caregivers.
Infant Ment Health J
January 2025
Canterbury Child Development Research Group, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Children born to mothers with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at increased risk of maltreatment and out-of-home care (OOHC) placement. This study examines the parent-child interaction quality and home environments of 92 New Zealand children with prenatal opioid exposure (OE) and 106 non-opioid-exposed (NE) children. Experiences for those in maternal care versus OOHC were of particular interest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeyond a simple cause and effect relationship: Exploring the long-term outcomes of children prenatally exposed to opioids and other substances.
Semin Perinatol
December 2024
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Horizons, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address:
The long-term outcomes of children exposed to opioids and other substances in utero, specifically those diagnosed with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), present a complex interaction of different factors. First, NAS and its clinical presentation will be defined, then summarized will be an overview of NAS prevalence, recent trends, and significance of NAS in the context of the rising synthetic opioid and polysubstance use. Highlighted will also be the identified risk factors for NAS, especially regarding the role of environmental and psychosocial stressors during pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChallenges for Antepartum Care of the Individual with Perinatal Substance Use: An Empirical Integrative Review of Novel Approaches to Improve Care.
J Midwifery Womens Health
December 2024
University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Introduction: Perinatal substance use continues to rise across the United States presenting unique challenges to providing antepartum care. Polysubstance use, limited and late engagement in health care, co-occurring mood disorders, and several social barriers are well documented. This review seeks to summarize these barriers and present novel approaches to caring for this high-risk population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIllicit Fentanyl in the Prenatal Period: A Significant Emerging Risk for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.
Am J Perinatol
October 2024
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
Article Synopsis
- This study assessed the effects of in-utero exposure to illicit fentanyl on neonatal outcomes, focusing on conditions like neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), length of stay (LOS), and treatment needs.
- Conducted from March 2020 to December 2022, the research found that nearly half of the infants in the study had in-utero fentanyl exposure, linked to characteristics such as older maternal age and lower prenatal care.
- Results indicated that fentanyl exposure significantly increased the likelihood and severity of NOWS, necessitated earlier treatment, and was associated with longer hospital stays for both preterm and full-term neonates.
Prediction of site-specific pharmacologic therapy among newborns with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
J Perinatol
October 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
Objective: To predict pharmacotherapy for NOWS based on factors available shortly after birth.
Study Design: A multi-center, retrospective study of 1377 opioid exposed newborns between 2016 and 2017 dichotomized based on pharmacologic treatment (N = 665 treated, N = 712 not treated) was conducted. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model that considered cluster effect from sites determined significant maternal and newborn factors associated with pharmacotherapy, which were combined in a nomogram to predict probability of treatment for infants at each participating site.
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