Transcriptome Analysis of Native Kentucky Bluegrass ( L.) in Response to Osmotic Stress.

Kentucky bluegrass ( L.) is an important cool season turfgrass species with a high cold tolerance, but it is sensitive to drought. It is valuable for the applications of Kentucky bluegrass to improve its drought tolerance. However, little is known about the underlying drought mechanism. In the present study, transcriptomic profiling in the roots and leaves of the Kentucky bluegrass cultivar 'Qinghai', in response to osmotic stress in the form of treatment with 2 h and 50 h of 25% (/) PEG-6000, was analyzed. The results showed that a large number of genes were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated under osmotic stress. The majority of genes were up-regulated in leaves but down-regulated in roots after 2 h and 50 h of osmotic stress, among them were 350 up-regulated DEGs and 20 down-regulated DEGs shared in both leaves and roots. GO and KEGG analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolism, polyamine and amino acid metabolism and the plant hormone signaling pathway were enriched in the leaves and roots of 'Qinghai' after osmotic stress. The genes involving in carbohydrate metabolism were up-regulated, and sucrose, trehalose and raffinose levels were consistently increased. The genes involved in polyamine and amino acid metabolism were up-regulated in leaves in response to osmotic stress and several amino acids, such as Glu, Met and Val levels were increased, while the genes involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and citrate cycle in leaves were down-regulated. In addition, the genes involved in plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction were altered in leaves after osmotic stress. This study provided promising candidate genes for studying drought mechanisms in 'Qinghai' and improving the drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass and drought-sensitive crops.