Correlation between Flow Temperature and Average Molar Ionic Potential of Ash during Gasification of Coal and Phosphorus-Rich Biomass.

The co-gasification of biomass and coal is helpful for achieving the clean and efficient utilization of phosphorus-rich biomass. A large number of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) present in the ash system of coal (or biomass) cause varying degrees of ash, slagging, and corrosion problems in the entrained flow gasifier. Meanwhile, phosphorus is present in the slag in the form of PO43-, which has a strong affinity for AAEMs (especially for Ca) to produce minerals dominated by calcium phosphates or alkaline Ca-phosphate, effectively mitigating the aforementioned problems. To investigate the changing behavior of the slag flow temperature (FT) under different CaO/PO ratios, 72 synthetic ashes with varying CaO/PO ratios at different Si/Al contents and compositions were prepared, and their ash fusion temperatures were tested. The effects of different CaO/PO ratios on the FT were analyzed using FactSage thermodynamic simulation. A model for predicting slag FT at different CaO/PO ratios was constructed on the basis of the average molar ionic potential (I) method and used to predict data reported from 19 mixed ashes in the literature. The results showed that I and FT gradually increased with a decreasing CaO/PO ratio, and the main mineral types shifted from anorthite → mullite → berlinite, which reasonably explained the decrease in ash fusion temperatures in the mixed ash. The established model showed good adaptability to the prediction of 19 actual coal ash FTs in the literature; the deviation of the prediction was in the range of 40 °C. The model proposed between FT and I based on the different CaO/PO ratios can be used to predict the low-rank coal and phosphorus-rich biomass and their mixed ashes.