Oral carcinoma cuniculatum, a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma.

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg

Univ. Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux, Inserm, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, U1026 - Bioengineering of Tissues, 33000 Bordeaux, France.

Published: September 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma that is often misdiagnosed, delaying effective treatment for patients.
  • A study reviewed records of 10 patients diagnosed with CC in the oral cavity between 2013 and 2022, revealing that these tumors are usually found in the gingiva or tongue and are locally aggressive.
  • The research emphasizes the challenges in diagnosing CC from biopsies, urging clinicians to consider it in cases of inconclusive results, to facilitate prompt and appropriate management.

Article Abstract

Introduction: Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Lack of awareness of this tumor and its difficult diagnosis delay management and complicate treatment. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and histological features, predisposing factors, treatment and survival rate of oral carcinoma cuniculatum.

Material & Method: All patients with histologically confirmed CC of the oral cavity treated between January 2013 and August 2022 in a specialized center were retrospectively included. Patients were identified using the database ADICAP ("Association pour le Développement de l'Informatique en Cytologie et Anatomie Pathologique"). Once identified, the charts were reviewed.

Results: Ten patients were included. CC lesions were mainly located in the mandibular or maxillary gingiva, while the 2 remaining lesions were located in the mobile tongue. The tumor showed local aggressiveness: mandibular or maxillary osteolysis was systematically found for gingival CC, while tongue lesions were classified cT3. Fifteen biopsies were performed in these 10 patients, histological diagnosis is difficult on a limited tissue sample. All patients underwent curative management with oncological excision surgery combined with neck lymph node dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy (except one patient).

Discussion: The main problem is the difficulty of diagnosis when biopsies are performed, which leads to a significant delay in diagnosis compared with SCC. In the event of clinico-histological discordance after biopsy, CC should be considered.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101729DOI Listing

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