Active Region Overheating in Pulsed Quantum Cascade Lasers: Effects of Nonequilibrium Heat Dissipation on Laser Performance.

Mid IR Quantum cascade lasers are of high interest for the scientific community due to their unique applications. However, the QCL designs require careful engineering to overcome some crucial disadvantages. One of them is active region (ARn) overheating, which significantly affects laser characteristics, even in the pulsed mode. In this work, we consider the effects related to the nonequilibrium temperature distribution when thermal resistance formalism is irrelevant. We employ the heat equation and discuss the possible limitations and structural features stemming from the chemical composition of the ARn. We show that the presence of solid solutions in the ARn structure fundamentally limits the heat dissipation in pulsed and CW regimes due to their low thermal conductivity compared with binary compounds. Also, the QCL postgrowths affect the thermal properties of a device closer to CW mode, while it is by far less important in the short-pulsed mode.