Radiomics models based on cortical damages for identification of multiple sclerosis with cognitive impairment.

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Cortical damages can be closely associated with cognitive network dysfunction and clinically significant CI in MS. So, in this study, We aimed to develop a radiomics model to efficiently identify the MS patients with CI based on clinical data and cortical damages.

Methods: One hundred and eighteen patients with MS were divided into CI and normal cognitive (NC) cohorts (62/56) as defined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). All participants were randomly divided into train and test sets with a ratio of 7:3. The radiomic features were selected by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The discrimination models were built with the support vector machines (SVM) by the clinical data, radiomic features, and merge data, respectively. And the patients were further divided according to each cognitive domain including memory, visuospatial, language, attention and executive, and each domain model was applied by the most suitable classifier.

Results: A total of 2298 features were extracted, of which 36 were finally selected. The merge model showed the greatest performance with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95 % confidence interval: 0.81-0.91), accuracy (ACC) of 0.78, sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.77 in test cohort. However, although the visuospatial domain model showed the highest AUC of 0.71 (95 % confidence interval: 0.61-0.81) among five domain models, other domain models did not meet satisfactory results with a relatively low AUC, ACC, sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions: The radiomics model based on clinical data and cortical damages had a great potential to identify the MS patients with CI for clinical cognitive assessment.