Background: Diabetes medications place significant financial burden on patients but less is known about factors affecting cost variation.
Objective: To examine pharmacy and neighborhood factors associated with cost variation for diabetes drugs in the US.
Research Design, Subjects And Measures: We used all-payer US pharmacy data from 45,874 chain and independent pharmacies reflecting 7,073,909 deidentified claims. We divided diabetes drugs into insulins, non-insulin generic medications, and brand name medications. Generalized linear models, stratified by pharmacy type, identified pharmacy and neighborhood factors associated with higher or lower cash price-per-unit (PPU) for each set of drugs.
Results: Cash PPU was highest for brand name therapies ($149.4±203.2), followed by insulins ($42.4±25.0), and generic therapies ($1.3±4.4). Pharmacy-level price variation was greater for non-insulin generic therapies than insulins or brand name therapies. Chain pharmacies had both lower prices and lesser variation compared with independent pharmacies.
Conclusions: Cash prices for diabetes medications in the US can vary considerably and that the greatest degree of price variation occurs in non-insulin generic therapies.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10703254 | PMC |
| http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294164 | PLOS |
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