is a herbaceous flowering medicinal plant and flavonoids are its main pharmacological active ingredients. is listed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). significantly reduces proteinuria in CKD, and the effectiveness and safety of in the treatment including primary glomerulonephropathy and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been proved by several randomized controlled trials (RCT). Emerging pharmacological studies have explored the potential active small molecules and the underlying mechanisms in . The active constituents of are mainly seven flavonoids, including hibifolin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, rutin, quercetin, myricetin, and quercetin-3-O-robinobioside. The mechanisms of action mainly include alleviating renal fibrosis, reducing the inflammatory response and decreasing the apoptosis of podocytes. In this review, we summarize the updated information of active components and molecular mechanisms of on chronic kidney disease.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22017 | DOI Listing |
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