Metagenomic profiling of tomato rhizosphere delineates the diverse nature of uncultured microbes as influenced by VB7 and TK towards the suppression of root-knot nematode under field conditions.

Unlabelled: The plant-parasitic Root Knot Nematodes ( spp.,) play a pivotal role to devastate vegetable crops across the globe. Considering the significance of plant-microbe interaction in the suppression of Root Knot Nematode, we investigated the diversity of microbiome associated with bioagents-treated and nematode-infected rhizosphere soil samples through metagenomics approach. The wide variety of organisms spread across different ecosystems showed the highest average abundance within each taxonomic level. In the rhizosphere, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial taxa, while Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota were prevalent among the fungal taxa. Regardless of the specific treatments, bacterial genera like , and were consistently found in high abundance. Shannon diversity index vividly ensured that, bacterial communities were maximum in VB7-treated soil (1.4-2.4), followed by Root Knot Nematode-associated soils (1.3-2.2), whereas richness was higher with TK drenched soils (1.3-2.0). The predominant occurrence of fungal genera such as , , and habituate rhizosphere soils. Shannon index expressed the abundant richness of fungal species in treated samples (1.04-0.90). Further, refraction and species diversity curve also depicted a significant increase with maximum diversity of fungal species in . VB7-treated soil than and nematode-infested soil. In field trial, bioagents-treated tomato plant (60% reduction of infection) had reduced gall index along with enhanced plant growth and increased fruit yield in comparison with the untreated plant. Hence, VB7 and can be well explored as an antinemic bioagents against RKN.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03851-1.