Enhanced Notification of Radiographic Incidental Findings in Trauma Does Not Guarantee Follow-Up Compliance.

Objectives: Follow-up care for incidental findings (IFs) on trauma computed tomography scans is a component of comprehensive healthcare. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of our IF predischarge disclosure practice guideline and identify factors contributing to follow-up failure.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective observational database: 615 patients with IFs from November 2019 to February 2020. Follow-up compliance was determined by electronic medical record review and/or a telephone call after a mail-out request for voluntary participation. Volunteers answered a predetermined questionnaire regarding follow-up care.

Results: A total of 115 patients (19%) had computed tomography-based IFs recommending additional imaging or other follow-ups. Seventy-four (64%) patients were lost to inclusion as a result of death (12.1%), inability to contact (51.3%), or noninterest (5.2%). Of the remaining 36 patients, 19 received follow-up care (52.7%) and 17 did not (47.2%). No statistical differences existed among groups in age, sex, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale score, whether informed by physicians or midlevel providers, or type of IF. A total of 15 (88%) nonfollow-up patients did not recall the disclosure or discharge paperwork instructions. Of 19 compliant patients: 9 had additional imaging only, 5 had biopsies and/or surgical intervention (n = 3 cancer, n = 2 benign), 3 had primary care advice against additional studies and 2 were referred to specialists.

Conclusions: Predischarge disclosure of IFs can contribute significantly to overall patient health. Nonetheless, fewer than half of patients do not pursue follow-up recommendations, most often citing failure to recall verbal/written instructions. More effective communication with attention to health literacy, follow-up telephone calls, and postdischarge appointments are potential catalysts for improved patient compliance.