Intermittent normobaric hypoxia alters substrate partitioning and muscle oxygenation in individuals with obesity: implications for fat burning.

This single-blind, crossover study aimed to measure and evaluate the short-term metabolic responses to continuous and intermittent hypoxic patterns in individuals with obesity. Indirect calorimetry was used to quantify changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), carbohydrate (CHO, %CHO), and fat oxidation (FAT, %FAT) in nine individuals with obesity pre and post: ) breathing normoxic air [normoxic sham control (NS-control)], ) breathing continuous hypoxia (CH), or ) breathing intermittent hypoxia (IH). A mean peripheral oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) of 80-85% was achieved over a total of 45 min of hypoxia. Throughout each intervention, pulmonary gas exchanges, oxygen consumption (V̇o) carbon dioxide production (V̇co), and deoxyhemoglobin concentration (Δ[HHb]) in the vastus lateralis were measured. Both RMR and CHO measured pre- and postinterventions were unchanged following each treatment: NS-control, CH, or IH (all > 0.05). Conversely, a significant increase in FAT was evident between pre- and post-IH (+44%, = 0.048). Although the mean Δ[HHb] values significantly increased during both IH and CH ( < 0.05), the greatest zenith of Δ[HHb] was achieved in IH compared with CH ( = 0.002). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between Δ[HHb] and the shift in FAT measured pre- and postintervention. It is suggested that during IH, the increased bouts of muscle hypoxia, revealed by elevated Δ[HHb], coupled with cyclic periods of excess posthypoxia oxygen consumption (EPHOC, inherent to the intermittent pattern) played a significant role in driving the increase in FAT post-IH.