Relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may display milder social traits of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) providing potential endophenotypic markers of genetic risk for ASD. We performed a case-control comparison to quantify social cognition and pragmatic language difficulties in the BAP (n = 25 cases; n = 33 controls) using the Faux Pas test (FPT) and the Goldman-Eisler Cartoon task. Using deep phenotyping we then examined patterns of inheritance of social cognition in two large multiplex families and the spectrum of performance in 32 additional families (159 members; n = 51 ASD, n = 87 BAP, n = 21 unaffected). BAP individuals showed significantly poorer FPT performance and reduced verbal fluency with the absence of a compression effect in social discourse compared to controls. In multiplex families, we observed reduced FPT performance in 89% of autistic family members, 63% of BAP relatives and 50% of unaffected relatives. Across all affected families, there was a graded spectrum of difficulties, with ASD individuals showing the most severe FPT difficulties, followed by the BAP and unaffected relatives compared to community controls. We conclude that relatives of probands show an inherited pattern of graded difficulties in social cognition with atypical faux pas detection in social discourse providing a novel candidate endophenotype for ASD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3057 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Early detection of cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is important for preventive measures due to the lack of effective treatments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between enlarged perivascular space in the hippocampus (H-EPVS) and cognitive performance in patients with T2DM, and to determine whether it can serve as an imaging marker for cognitive dysfunction. 66 T2DM patients with cognitive impairment (T2DM-CI) and 71 T2DM patients with normal cognitive function (T2DM-NC) underwent cranial MRI scans and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGerontologist
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Background And Objectives: The analysis of daily memory lapses is an underutilized approach to understanding daily experiences of cognitive functioning. The present study adopts this approach, with the goals of exploring how the quality of family relationships predicts the frequency of daily memory lapses and moderates the link between daily memory lapses and daily affect.
Research Design And Methods: We used longitudinal data from the third wave of Midlife in the United States and the National Study of Daily Experiences to assess our research goals.
Disabil Rehabil
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Purpose: To explore associations of environmental and personal factors, participation, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) with physical behavior (PB) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Materials And Methods: PB, expressed in duration and distribution of physical activity (PA; walking, running, cycling) and sedentary behavior (SB; lying/sitting) and PA intensity was assessed with the Activ8 accelerometer during 7 days. Environmental and personal factors (social influence, health-condition, illness-perception, self-efficacy, fatigue, mood, kinesiophobia, cognition, coping, sleep), participation and HR-QoL, were assessed with validated questionnaires.
Psychophysiology
January 2025
Beijing Key Lab of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
The naturalistic paradigm and analytical methods present new approaches that are particularly suitable for research concentrating on narrative reading development. We analyzed fMRI data from 44 adults and 42 children engaged in story reading using time-locked inter-subject correlation (ISC), inter-subject representation similarity analysis (IS-RSA), and inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC). The ISC results indicated that for both children and adults, narrative reading recruited not only traditional reading areas but also regions that are sensitive to long-time-scale information, such as the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which increased involvement from children to adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
January 2025
Department of Occupational Health and Radiological Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Objective: Assess the level of radiation-related knowledge (RRK) and nuclear energy-related knowledge (NERK) among residents near the Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant, the first project adopted the Advanced Passive Pressurized Water Reactor (AP1000) technology.
Methods: In this study, respondents were selected using stratified multi-stage random sampling for residents aged 18 years and above living within 30 kilometers of the Sanmen Nuclear Power Station. Respondents were surveyed face-to-face by investigators who received standardized training.
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