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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult.

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Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, PRT.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal entity characterized by an unregulated activation of the immune system. In the adult population, it is most commonly secondary to infectious, autoimmune, or neoplastic diseases. We present a case of a 23-year-old female diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis and hospitalized due to a persistent three-week fever and malaise with a new onset of jaundice and findings compatible with acute hepatitis and hepatosplenomegaly.

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A woman in her 50s presented to the hospital with new-onset jaundice and ascites. Her medical history included a melanoma of the right shoulder, diagnosed 8 months before, for which she had received four cycles of ipilimumab and nivolumab. Due to the oncological history and previous immunotherapy, an immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI)-induced hepatitis was suspected, and a high-dose corticosteroid treatment was initiated.

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