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Hepatitis B Virus Exposure, Seroprotection Status, and Susceptibility in Health Care Workers From Lao People's Democratic Republic: Cross-Sectional Study.
JMIR Public Health Surveill
December 2024
LaoLuxLab/Vaccine Preventable Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Rd, P.O. Box 3560, Ban Kao-gnot, Vientiane, 01000, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 856 21 285 321.
Background: Despite the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Lao health care workers (HCWs) have previously been shown to have low levels of protection against infection. Furthermore, the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV), which increases disease severity in individuals infected with HBV, is not known in Lao PDR.
Objective: This study aimed to estimate the exposure and seroprotection against HBV, as well as exposure to HDV, in Lao HCWs from 5 provinces.
Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis delta: new insights from clinical trials and real-life studies.
Gut
December 2024
D-SOLVE consortium, an EU Horizon Europe funded project (No 101057917), Hannover, Germany.
Chronic hepatitis D (CHD) is the most severe form of viral hepatitis, carrying a greater risk of developing cirrhosis and its complications. For decades, pegylated interferon alpha (PegIFN-α) has represented the only therapeutic option, with limited virological response rates and poor tolerability. In 2020, the European Medicines Agency approved bulevirtide (BLV) at 2 mg/day, an entry inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis delta virus (HDV), which proved to be safe and effective as a monotherapy for up to 144 weeks in clinical trials and real-life studies, including patients with cirrhosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Profiles of Hepatitis D Virus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review, 2009-2024.
Viruses
October 2024
Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia.
Article Synopsis
- The World Health Organization advises hepatitis D virus (HDV) screening for those infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), especially in resource-limited areas like Nigeria, due to HDV's serious health risks, including rapid liver disease progression.
- A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines analyzed 11 studies from 2009-2024, focusing on HDV prevalence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes in Nigeria, specifically looking at studies that employed IgG antibody testing or RNA diagnostics.
- The findings revealed HDV prevalence among HBV patients in Nigeria varied widely from 2.0% to 31.6%, with the highest rates in the Southwest among malaria patients, and a notable increase in prevalence among young males aged
Chronic Hepatitis D Virus Infection and Its Treatment: A Narrative Review.
Microorganisms
October 2024
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Current treatments, primarily pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN), can suppress HDV but have low cure rates and significant side effects, making their use challenging.
- * New antiviral therapies are being developed that target different stages of HDV replication, showing potential for better long-term treatment results when used alongside PEG-IFN.
Cyclosorus terminans extract mitigates submandibular gland changes associated with high-fat diet consumption in male rats.
Arch Oral Biol
November 2024
Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address:
Objectives: To investigate whether the prophylactic effect of Cyclosorus terminans extract mitigates metabolic impairment and submandibular gland changes, as indicated by increased aquaporin5 expression, decreased fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, improved mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics, and decreased cell death in the submandibular glands of high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding rats.
Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to either a normal diet (ND) as control rats (n=8) or a HFD (n=24) for 12 weeks. The HFD-treated rats were divided into 3 subgroups to receive either: 1) vehicle (HDV), 2) Cyclosorus terminans at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d (HF100), or 3) Cyclosorus terminans at a dose of 200 mg/kg/d (HF200).
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