Sudden and unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) may be triggered by an external risk or exposure. Intestinal infections with enteric viruses may disrupt the gut and enhance bacterial toxins present in SUDI cases. While diarrhoeal disease deaths have decreased worldwide, approximately half a million deaths still occur in children in Sub- Saharan Africa and South Asia. Furthermore, the role of viral enteropathogens in SUDI cases have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to describe specific viral pathogens in stool samples collected from SUDI cases and age-matched, apparently healthy infants in Cape Town, South Africa. Stool samples were collected from 176 SUDI cases between June 2017 and May 2018. In addition, stool samples were collected from the nappies of 30 age-matched, apparently healthy infants as a control group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on the stool samples for viral detection. A total of 111 SUDI cases were positive for viruses, with rotavirus (38.6%; 68/176) and norovirus GI and GII (30.0%; 53/176) were prevalent in SUDI cases. Adenovirus Type F was present in only 15.9% (28/176), astrovirus in 9.7% (17/176), and sapovirus in 0.6% (1/176) of cases. In the control samples, norovirus GII was detected most frequently (36.7%; 11/30), followed by rotavirus (33.3%; 10/30), and sapovirus in 6.7% (2/30). While there was no significant association between SUDI cases and enteric viruses, the majority of viruses were significantly associated with the seasons. The study confirms the importance of rotavirus vaccination and describes the significance of norovirus infection in children, post rotavirus vaccine introduction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02249-y | DOI Listing |
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
November 2024
Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States.
Hippocampal dentate gyral dysplasia is well-described in temporal lobe epilepsy and may be a risk factor for sudden, unexpected death in several populations: infants (sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS], sudden unexpected infant death [SUID]), toddlers (sudden unexpected death of a child [SUDC]), and epileptics (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy [SUDEP]). We examined reports and histopathological slides from autopsies performed at our institution from 2008 through 2016 to determine whether the presence or absence of any of the described forms of such dysplasias (duplications, hyperconvolutions, and granule cell dispersion, including bilamination), correlated with the causes of death. From well over 4000 autopsies, we identified 949 autopsies with a neuropathology examination by a neuropathologist.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
The prevalence of focal granule cell bilamination (FGCB) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus varies from 0% to 44%, depending on age and study population. FGCB is commonly thought to be a specific feature of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) but its prevalence in cases without TLE is unclear. Using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hippocampal sections, this retrospective postmortem study evaluated the prevalence of FGCB and other granule cell pathologies in infants (1-12 months of age, n = 16), children (4-10 years, n = 6), and adults (28-91 years, n = 15) with no known history of epilepsy or seizures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr
October 2024
Université de Paris, INSERM, ECEVE, Paris, France; Pediatrics Emergency Care Unit, AP-HP, Jean Verdier University Hospital, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bondy, France.
Objective: To study the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic on the monthly incidence of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) cases overall and those with a viral or bacterial identification.
Study Design: We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis using seasonally adjusted Poisson regression models from the French national prospective and multicenter SUDI registry, that included all SUDI cases below the age of 1 year who died from 2016 to 2021 in mainland France.
Results: Of 998 SUDI cases analyzed, 750 were recorded during the prepandemic period (January 2016 through March 2020) and 248 during the NPI period (April 2020 through December 2021).
Eur J Pediatr
November 2024
Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergencies, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, INSERM, CIC 1413, 44000, Nantes, France.
Unlabelled: The French "OMIN registry" was established in 2015 to collect nationwide standardised data concerning biological, clinical, environmental and social characteristics of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) and unexpected death in children aged 1-2 years. A biobank has existed since July 2020 to store biological samples for each case. This article aimed to detail (1) a brief history and the objectives of the registry; (2) a description of the methodology used; (3) the first results of the registry, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Paediatr Open
August 2024
Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
Objective: We investigated sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) autopsy data from 1996 to 2015 inclusive, comparing findings from infants with and without pre-existing medical conditions.
Design: Large, retrospective single-centre autopsy series.
Setting: Tertiary paediatric hospital, London, UK.
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