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A Rare Case of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Caused by Fentanyl Inhalation. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a serious condition where blood collects in the lungs, often triggered by autoimmune diseases or infections, and can also be caused by drug use like fentanyl.
  • A case study involved a 40-year-old man with bipolar disorder who developed respiratory issues after inhaling a substance, leading to a diagnosis of DAH confirmed by specific tests.
  • Treatment with steroids significantly improved his condition, highlighting the importance of recognizing drug-induced DAH in patients showing respiratory symptoms and altered mental status after substance use.

Article Abstract

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but life-threatening pulmonary disorder characterized by blood accumulation in alveolar spaces, often associated with autoimmune diseases and infections. Drug-induced causes of DAH, including inhalation of substances like fentanyl, are emerging concerns. A 40-year-old male with bipolar disorder and polysubstance abuse presented with altered mental status and hemoptysis after inhaling an unknown substance. Physical examination revealed respiratory distress, pinpoint pupils, and severe hypoxemia. Naloxone administration improved his condition. The workup showed negative infection markers, positive fentanyl-specific urine test, and diffuse bilateral opacities on imaging. Bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed DAH with >20% hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Steroid treatment resulted in marked improvement. Drug-induced DAH, such as fentanyl inhalation, should be considered in patients with altered mental status and pulmonary symptoms following substance use. Comprehensive evaluation and targeted treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10665760PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47598DOI Listing

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