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Discriminative machine learning for maximal representative subsampling. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Biased samples in social sciences can distort research results, prompting new methods based on positive-unlabeled learning to combat this issue.* -
  • The proposed methods, Maximum Representative Subsampling (MRS) and Soft-MRS, use machine learning to either remove biased samples or adjust their weights by referencing a representative dataset.* -
  • Experiments showed that MRS is recommended for general classification tasks, while Soft-MRS is better when the bias of the outcome variable is important, with applications demonstrated in resilience research and voting behavior analysis.*

Article Abstract

Biased population samples pose a prevalent problem in the social sciences. Therefore, we present two novel methods that are based on positive-unlabeled learning to mitigate bias. Both methods leverage auxiliary information from a representative data set and train machine learning classifiers to determine the sample weights. The first method, named maximum representative subsampling (MRS), uses a classifier to iteratively remove instances, by assigning a sample weight of 0, from the biased data set until it aligns with the representative one. The second method is a variant of MRS - Soft-MRS - that iteratively adapts sample weights instead of removing samples completely. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, we induced artificial bias in a public census data set and examined the corrected estimates. We compare the performance of our methods against existing techniques, evaluating the ability of sample weights created with Soft-MRS or MRS to minimize differences and improve downstream classification tasks. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methods in a real-world study of resilience research, exploring the influence of resilience on voting behavior. Through our work, we address the issue of bias in social science, amongst others, and provide a versatile methodology for bias reduction based on machine learning. Based on our experiments, we recommend to use MRS for downstream classification tasks and Soft-MRS for downstream tasks where the relative bias of the dependent variable is relevant.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10684887PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48177-3DOI Listing

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