Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Published: January 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have successfully treated hematological malignancies. Macrophages have also gained attention as an immunotherapy owing to their immunomodulatory capacity and ability to infiltrate solid tumors and phagocytize tumor cells. The first-generation CD3ζ-based CAR-macrophages could phagocytose tumor cells in an antigen-dependent manner. Here we engineered induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (iMACs) with toll-like receptor 4 intracellular toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain-containing CARs resulting in a markedly enhanced antitumor effect over first-generation CAR-macrophages. Moreover, the design of a tandem CD3ζ-TIR dual signaling CAR endows iMACs with both target engulfment capacity and antigen-dependent M1 polarization and M2 resistance in a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent manner, as well as the capacity to modulate the tumor microenvironment. We also outline a mechanism of tumor cell elimination by CAR-induced efferocytosis against tumor cell apoptotic bodies. Taken together, we provide a second-generation CAR-iMAC with an ability for orthogonal phagocytosis and polarization and superior antitumor functions in treating solid tumors relative to first-generation CAR-macrophages.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) for perivascular soft-tissue cuffing (PSTC).
Methods: This single-center, retrospective study evaluated patients in whom EUS-TA was performed for PSTC in pancreatic or bile duct cancer lesions between October 2017 and March 2024. PSTC was defined as a perivascular soft-tissue area contiguous with nearby blood vessels from the suspected primary tumor.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disorder that is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells through an autoimmune process, such as temperature-dependent antibodies. The two predominant types, cold agglutinin and warm agglutinin disease, typically possess different underlying etiologies. Prompt recognition and workup of autoimmune hemolytic anemia should be prioritized to potentially uncover any underlying primary cause, such as malignancy.
There are many causes of peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE), including allergic, infectious, rheumatic, and hematologic disorders. Solid tumor cancers, such as lung cancer, can also cause PBE, and although rare, being diagnosed with PBE in this way is associated with a worse prognosis than for lung cancer patients without PBE. Additionally, some cancer patients develop PBE when receiving treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Cutaneous metastasis from solid tumors is a rare manifestation that presents in the clinic. It is usually indicative of poor prognosis, with a poor response to conventional chemotherapy. The introduction of targeted therapy has changed the treatment paradigm in oncology, improving the quality of life and survival of all cancer patients.
Background: This case series evaluated the clinical impact and significant technical points of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the smaller drug-eluting bead (DEB) M1 (DC Bead M1; 70-150 µm).
Methods: We evaluated 12 patients and 14 HCC nodules treated with DEB-TACE using the DC Bead M1 (named DEM1-TACE). In addition to evaluating the early treatment efficacy for each treated node after DEM1-TACE, the study also used interventional radiology (IVR)- computed tomography (CT) to focus on the presence or absence of retention of the homogeneous contrast medium in target nodules after DEM1-TACE as a predictor of a good treatment response.
