This study investigates how three different extraction methods impact the biological activity and structure characteristics of polysaccharides from the flower of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The three polysaccharides were named AHEP, DWEP and ANEP that extracted by acid solvent (HCL 0.01 mol/L), distilled water and alkali solvent (NaOH 0.01 mol/L) respectively. The results showed that the yield of ANEP was highest compared to the others, as well as the capacity of antioxidant, cholate-binding and inhibition to α-glucosidase were better than AHEP and DWEP (P<0.05). Moreover, the activity retention rate in vitro with simulated digestion demonstrated that ANEP were superior to AHEP and DWEP. The large components, nominated ANEP-1 and ANEP-2, were eluted from the ANEP by DEAE-52-cellulose. UV-Vis and FT-IR analysis demonstrated that ANEP-1 and ANEP-2 had typical characteristic absorption of proteoglycan, but SEM results showed that the surface shapes of ANEP-1 and ANEP-2 were quite different. It can be concluded that ANEP has great potential as an effective strategy for obtaining polysaccharides from ginseng flower.
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