Bacterial communities associated with fish larvae are highly influenced by the microbiota of live prey used as feed (rotifers or ), generally dominated by bacterial strains with a low degree of specialization and high growth rates, (e.g., ), which can be detrimental to larvae. Co-cultivation of microalgae used in the enrichment of (e.g., , or ) with -antagonistic probiotics belonging to the clade bacteria (e.g., spp. or spp.) was studied. The introduction of the probiotics did not affect microalgae growth or significantly modify the composition of bacterial communities associated with both microalgae, as revealed by DGGE analysis. The inoculation of with ALR6 allowed the maintenance of the probiotic in the scale-up of the microalgae cultures, both in axenic and non-axenic conditions. Using -inoculated cultures in the enrichment of reduced the total count in by 2 Log units, therefore preventing the introduction of opportunistic or pathogenic bacteria to fish larvae fed with them.
Species classified in () include multiple entomopathogenic fungi. Numerous changes have recently occurred in the nomenclature of cordycipitaceous fungi due to the single naming system proposed for pleomorphic fungi in 2011. Species of are widely applied as herbal medicines, especially in Asian cultures.
Tardigrada, the water bears, are microscopic animals with walking appendages, that are members of Ecdysozoa, the clade of moulting animals that also includes Nematoda (round worms), Nematomorpha (horsehair worms), Priapulida (penis worms), Kinorhyncha (mud dragons), Loricifera (loricated animals), Arthropoda (insects, spiders centipedes, crustaceans and their allies) and Onychophora (velvet worms). The phylogenetic relationships within Ecdysozoa are still unclear, with analyses of molecular and morphological data yielding incongruent results. Here we use CAT-posterior mean site frequencies (CAT-PMSF), a new method to export dataset-specific mixture models (CAT-Poisson and CAT-GTR) parameterized using Bayesian methods to maximum likelihood software.
Neisseria meningitidis is a common commensal bacterium of the nasopharynx that can cause invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). In comparison, N. gonorrhoeae is always a pathogen usually limited to mucosal sites.
Avian influenza is not a new disease, but the emergence of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage (Gs/GD) has necessitated fundamental changes to prevention and control strategies for this disease. No longer just an avian disease, avian influenza is capable of causing severe disease in humans and is considered a potential human pandemic threat requiring One Health approaches. In addition, Gs/GD HPAI viruses have developed the capacity to be carried across and between continents by migratory birds.
