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The ECG diagnosis of LVH is predominantly based on the QRS voltage criteria. The classical paradigm postulates that the increased left ventricular mass generates a stronger electrical field, increasing the leftward and posterior QRS forces, reflected in the augmented QRS amplitude. However, the low sensitivity of voltage criteria has been repeatedly documented. We discuss possible reasons for this shortcoming and proposal of a new paradigm. The theoretical background for voltage measured at the body surface is defined by the solid angle theorem, which relates the measured voltage to spatial and non-spatial determinants. The spatial determinants are represented by the extent of the activation front and the distance of the recording electrodes. The non-spatial determinants comprise electrical characteristics of the myocardium, which are comparatively neglected in the interpretation of the QRS patterns. Various clinical conditions are associated with LVH. These conditions produce considerable diversity of electrical properties alterations thereby modifying the resultant QRS patterns. The spectrum of QRS patterns observed in LVH patients is quite broad, including also left axis deviation, left anterior fascicular block, incomplete and complete left bundle branch blocks, Q waves, and fragmented QRS. Importantly, the QRS complex can be within normal limits. The new paradigm stresses the electrophysiological background in interpreting QRS changes, i.e., the effect of the non-spatial determinants. This postulates that the role of ECG is not to estimate LV size in LVH, but to understand and decode the underlying electrical processes, which are crucial in relation to cardiovascular risk assessment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anec.13097 | DOI Listing |
Math Biosci Eng
October 2024
U. S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Davie, USA.
Non-spatial models of competition between floating aquatic vegetation (FAV) and submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) predict a stable state of pure SAV at low total available limiting nutrient level, , a stable state of only FAV for high , and alternative stable states for intermediate , as described by an S-shaped bifurcation curve. Spatial models that include physical heterogeneity of the waterbody show that the sharp transitions between these states become smooth. We examined the effects of heterogeneous initial conditions of the vegetation types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Struct Biotechnol J
December 2024
Bioinformatics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
In the last decade, it has been recognized that tumors do not exist in isolation but interact with surrounding cells, blood vessels, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components. This understanding has shifted the focus from tumor cells alone to the broader context in which they exist, known as tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is highly heterogeneous, consisting of various cell types, mainly cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiophys J
December 2024
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address:
We review empirical methods that can be used to provide physical descriptions of dynamic cellular processes during development and disease. Our focus will be non-spatial descriptions and the inference of underlying interaction networks including cell state lineages, gene regulatory networks, and molecular interactions in living cells. Our overarching questions are: How much can we learn from just observing? To what degree is it possible to infer causal and/or precise mathematical relationships from observations? We restrict ourselves to datasets arising from only observations, or experiments in which minimal perturbations have taken place to facilitate observation of the systems as they naturally occur.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol
November 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Childhood cancer constitutes a major cause of death in children. In a recent study of the Georgia Cancer Registry, joint exposures to environmental and social/behavioral stressors were associated with spatial clustering of lymphomas and reticuloendothelial neoplasms among the 159 counties in Georgia, USA. The present study aims to further investigate these associations on a more granular level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytopathology
November 2024
Ohio State University, Plant Pathology, 2021 Coffey Road, 248 Kottman Hall, Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210;
Charcoal rot, caused by the soilborne fungus (Mp) poses a serious threat to soybean health and harvests at a global scale. Mp exhibits varying distribution patterns across fields, which complicates our ability to predict disease occurrences and outbreaks. Therefore, determining the spatial distribution of Mp abundance and its relation with soil physicochemical properties would help to inform precision management decisions for mitigating charcoal rot.
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