AI Article Synopsis
- tRNA modifications, specifically queuosine (Q) and its glycosylated forms, are important for effective protein synthesis and play a role in regulating ribosome function.
- Researchers identified two specific RNA glycosylases, QTGAL and QTMAN, capable of adding sugars to Q, which affects the processing of tRNAs and overall protein production.
- Lack of Q-glycosylation leads to increased protein aggregates and developmental issues in zebrafish, highlighting its significance for cellular stability and growth in vertebrates.
Article Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are critical for protein synthesis. Queuosine (Q), a 7-deaza-guanosine derivative, is present in tRNA anticodons. In vertebrate tRNAs for Tyr and Asp, Q is further glycosylated with galactose and mannose to generate galQ and manQ, respectively. However, biogenesis and physiological relevance of Q-glycosylation remain poorly understood. Here, we biochemically identified two RNA glycosylases, QTGAL and QTMAN, and successfully reconstituted Q-glycosylation of tRNAs using nucleotide diphosphate sugars. Ribosome profiling of knockout cells revealed that Q-glycosylation slowed down elongation at cognate codons, UAC and GAC (GAU), respectively. We also found that galactosylation of Q suppresses stop codon readthrough. Moreover, protein aggregates increased in cells lacking Q-glycosylation, indicating that Q-glycosylation contributes to proteostasis. Cryo-EM of human ribosome-tRNA complex revealed the molecular basis of codon recognition regulated by Q-glycosylations. Furthermore, zebrafish qtgal and qtman knockout lines displayed shortened body length, implying that Q-glycosylation is required for post-embryonic growth in vertebrates.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.026 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Activin β Is Critical for Larval-Pupal Transition in the 28 Spotted Lady Beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
The activin cascade is activated when a pair of extracellular ligand (Myoglianin, Myo; Activin β, Actβ; Dawdle, Daw) binds to two pairs of transforming growth factor β (TGF) serine-threonine receptor kinases, TGF-β type I (Baboon, Babo) and II receptors. However, the roles of activin way have not well been explored in non-Drosophilid insects. In the present paper, we compared the functions of Activin β (Actβ) ligand and receptor isoform BaboB in post-embryonic development in a defoliating ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA simple inland culture system provides insights into ascidian post-embryonic developmental physiology.
Open Biol
January 2025
Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Maintenance and breeding of experimental organisms are fundamental to life sciences, but both initial and running costs, and hands-on zootechnical demands can be challenging for many laboratories. Here, we first aimed to further develop a simple protocol for reliable inland culture of tunicate model species of the genus. We cultured both and in controlled experimental conditions, with a focus on dietary variables, and quantified growth and maturation parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of fertilizing on the productivity of pregnant and lactating queens, growth and development of their offspring.
Braz J Biol
December 2024
Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and feed Production, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
An urgent problem in the agricultural science of livestock production is the adequate feeding of the queens of farm animals, in particular sheep kept on year-round pasture, especially in the second half of pregnancy and the first half of lactation. These periods are the most stressful, since the uterus does not receive enough necessary nutrients for the normal functioning of the body, embryonic and post-embryonic development of the offspring. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to increase the usefulness of the diet queens by carrying out additional feeding crushed barley with the inclusion of a mineral supplement developed taking into account the chemical composition of feed in Kazakhstan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Identification and Characterization of WOX Family Genes in Reveals Their Potential Roles in Somatic Embryogenesis and the Cold-Stress Response.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
() genes play significant roles in plant development and stress responses. Difficulties in somatic embryogenesis are a significant constraint on the uniform seedling production and genetic modification of , hindering efforts to improve coffee production in Yunnan, China. This study comprehensively analyzed genes in three species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExperimentally Manipulating the Thyroid Hormone Axis in Zebrafish.
Methods Mol Biol
November 2024
Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Thyroid hormone (TH) is an endocrine factor with a diverse array of developmental, metamorphic, and metabolic functions conserved across vertebrates. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a tractable model for endocrinology research, and recent research efforts focus on the roles of TH in zebrafish morphogenesis, growth and behavior. Several powerful approaches have been developed in zebrafish to modulate the TH axis and peripheral sensitivity to the hormone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!