cFLIP acts as a suppressor of TRAIL- and Fas-initiated inflammation by inhibiting assembly of caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 NF-κB-activating complexes.

TRAIL and FasL are potent inducers of apoptosis but can also promote inflammation through assembly of cytoplasmic caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 (FADDosome) complexes, wherein caspase-8 acts as a scaffold to drive FADD/RIPK1-mediated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. cFLIP is also recruited to FADDosomes and restricts caspase-8 activity and apoptosis, but whether cFLIP also regulates death receptor-initiated inflammation is unclear. Here, we show that silencing or deletion of cFLIP leads to robustly enhanced Fas-, TRAIL-, or TLR3-induced inflammatory cytokine production, which can be uncoupled from the effects of cFLIP on caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, cFLIP suppresses Fas- or TRAIL-initiated NF-κB activation through inhibiting the assembly of caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 FADDosome complexes, due to the low affinity of cFLIP for FADD. Consequently, increased cFLIP occupancy of FADDosomes diminishes recruitment of FADD/RIPK1 to caspase-8, thereby suppressing NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production downstream. Thus, cFLIP acts as a dual suppressor of apoptosis and inflammation via distinct modes of action.