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Factors associated with unexplained sudden deaths among adults aged 18-45 years in India - A multicentric matched case-control study. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • A study was conducted in India to investigate sudden unexplained deaths among healthy young adults (ages 18-45) possibly linked to COVID-19 infection or vaccination from October 2021 to March 2023.
  • The research analyzed data from 729 cases and 2,916 matching controls, assessing factors like COVID-19 vaccination status, family history, substance use, and physical activity.
  • Results indicated that receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose reduced the likelihood of sudden death, while factors such as past hospitalization for COVID-19, family history of sudden deaths, binge drinking, and intense physical activity increased the risk.

Article Abstract

Background Objectives: In view of anecdotal reports of sudden unexplained deaths in India's apparently healthy young adults, linking to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination, we determined the factors associated with such deaths in individuals aged 18-45 years through a multicentric matched case-control study.

Methods: This study was conducted through participation of 47 tertiary care hospitals across India. Cases were apparently healthy individuals aged 18-45 years without any known co-morbidity, who suddenly (<24 h of hospitalization or seen apparently healthy 24 h before death) died of unexplained causes during 1 st October 2021-31 st March 2023. Four controls were included per case matched for age, gender and neighborhood. We interviewed/perused records to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination/infection and post-COVID-19 conditions, family history of sudden death, smoking, recreational drug use, alcohol frequency and binge drinking and vigorous-intensity physical activity two days before death/interviews. We developed regression models considering COVID-19 vaccination ≤42 days before outcome, any vaccine received anytime and vaccine doses to compute an adjusted matched odds ratio (aOR) with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI).

Results: Seven hundred twenty nine cases and 2916 controls were included in the analysis. Receipt of at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine lowered the odds [aOR (95% CI)] for unexplained sudden death [0.58 (0.37, 0.92)], whereas past COVID-19 hospitalization [3.8 (1.36, 10.61)], family history of sudden death [2.53 (1.52, 4.21)], binge drinking 48 h before death/interview [5.29 (2.57, 10.89)], use of recreational drug/substance [2.92 (1.1, 7.71)] and performing vigorous-intensity physical activity 48 h before death/interview [3.7 (1.36, 10.05)] were positively associated. Two doses lowered the odds of unexplained sudden death [0.51 (0.28, 0.91)], whereas single dose did not.

Interpretation Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination did not increase the risk of unexplained sudden death among young adults in India. Past COVID-19 hospitalization, family history of sudden death and certain lifestyle behaviors increased the likelihood of unexplained sudden death.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793826PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2105_23DOI Listing

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