The case of a seventy-one-year-old woman with leiomyosarcoma of the kidney capsule is presented. Despite lack of invasion into surrounding tissues and few mitoses, the tumor recurred thirteen months after nephrectomy. A full subjective response and an almost complete objective regression lasting eight months were achieved using a short course of combination chemotherapy. The literature on leiomyosarcoma of the kidney is reviewed.
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Primary renal leiomyosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Early detection and surgical excision provide the most effective initial treatment. However, vigilant postoperative surveillance is critical due to the elevated risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis, as seen in this case.
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