Cell Mol Immunol
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Published: February 2024
An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that can be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus of intense research, and the role of the innate immune system has received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2 employs to evade innate defense systems. We also consider the role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and in the phenomenon of long COVID.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-023-01104-y | DOI Listing |
Dev Comp Immunol
March 2025
Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, China. Electronic address:
Alternative splicing can produce a variety of splicing isoforms to increase protein diversity, participate in the regulation of gene expression and the occurrence and development of diseases, and thus play an important role in innate immunity. Ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 2 (Uhrf2) protein is associated with cell proliferation, inflammation, tumors and cancer, and is currently the focus of medical immunology research, but there is little research on alternative splicing of the Uhrf2 gene. In this study, we identified two different splice isoforms of Uhrf2 in Miichthys miiuy through Sanger sequencing, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR, subcellular localization experiments, and named them Uhrf2-α and Uhrf2-β.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Allergy Asthma Immunol
March 2025
University Hospital of Reims, Immunology Laboratory, Biology and Pathology Department, Reims, France; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR 1250, Reims, France. Electronic address:
Tryptase is currently the most specific mast cell biomarker available in clinical laboratories. Tryptase levels in peripheral blood contribute to the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic evaluation of three clinical categories: (1) immediate hypersensitivity reactions including the life-threatening systemic form known as anaphylaxis, (2) clonal mast cell diseases and other myeloid malignancies, including as a biomarker for efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents targeting mast cell survival, and (3) hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT), a genetic trait found in 4 - 8% of general population associated to increased risk of severe immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Rapidly evolving pathophysiology knowledge and management guidelines impact tryptase use in clinical practice, explaining the need for frequent updates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioorg Med Chem Lett
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China. Electronic address:
Viral infectious diseases have been seriously affecting human life and health. SARS-CoV-2 was the pathogen that caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the impact of COVID-19 is still existing. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the primary pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and no effective direct-acting antiviral drugs targeting EV71 has been approved yet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunity
March 2025
College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address:
Lactate, the end product of both anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis in proliferating and growing cells-with the latter process known as the Warburg effect-is historically considered a mere waste product of cell and tissue metabolism. However, research over the past ten years has unveiled multifaceted functions of lactate that critically shape and impact cellular biology. Beyond serving as a fuel source, lactate is now known to influence gene expression through histone modification and to function as a signaling molecule that impacts a wide range of cellular activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Immunol
January 2025
Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Current influenza vaccines are not effective in conferring protection against antigenic variants and pandemics. To improve cross-protection of influenza vaccination, we developed a 5xM2e messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine encoding the tandem repeat conserved ectodomain (M2e) of ion channel protein M2 derived from human, swine, and avian influenza A viruses. The lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated 5xM2e mRNA vaccine was immunogenic, eliciting high levels of M2e-specific IgG antibodies, IFN-γ+ T cells, T follicular helper cells, germinal center phenotypic B cells, and plasma cells.
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