The article presents data on the activity of the radionuclide Cs in seawater, sediment, macroalgae, and zoobenthos from different locations in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, maritime Antarctica. The activity of Cs in the macrophytobenthos remained relatively stable across species, oscillating at the level of 1 Bq kgdw. However, a few individuals exhibited higher activity, particularly at stations closer to the glacier front. This result could have been caused by specific conditions resulting from melting glaciers and meltwater inflow and mixing with oceanic water. The activities of Cs in zoobenthic were in the range from 0.12 Bq kgdw (Asteroidea) to 24.2 Bq kgdw (Porifera) and the total doses in marine species were several orders of magnitude lower than reference levels. Stable isotopes of δC and δN suggest that the main factor influencing Cs activity may be the source of carbon (marine vs. terrestrial/glacial), rather than feeding strategy or trophic niches.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115752 | DOI Listing |
Obesity, insulin resistance, and a host of environmental and genetic factors can drive hyperglycemia, causing β-cells to compensate by increasing insulin production and secretion. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), β-cells under these conditions eventually fail. Rare β-cell diseases like congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) also cause inappropriate insulin secretion, and some HI patients develop diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Care
January 2025
Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.
Objective: To evaluate the association of aqueous retinol-binding protein 3 (RBP3) with history of diabetic macular edema (DME) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression.
Research Design And Methods: RBP3 concentration was measured by ELISA in aqueous from patients undergoing cataract surgery at Joslin Diabetes Center. DR progression was defined as two-step or more worsening on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study severity scale, and DME history was determined by clinical diagnosis.
J Bone Miner Res
December 2024
Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture beyond what can be explained by reduced bone mineral density, possibly due to changes in bone material from accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and altered matrix composition, though data from human cortical bone in T1D are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate cortical bone material behavior in T1D by examining specimens from cadaveric femora from older adults with long-duration T1D (≥50 yr; n = 20) and age- and sex-matched nondiabetic controls (n = 14). Cortical bone was assessed by mechanical testing (4-point bending, cyclic reference point indentation, impact microindentation), AGE quantification [total fluorescent AGEs, pentosidine, carboxymethyl lysine (CML)], and matrix composition via Raman spectroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Res
December 2024
Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Aims: Increased prevalence of acute myocardial infarction related to diabetes and insulin resistance is associated with an elevated risk of unstable atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by reduced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) and increased inflammation. Thus, insulin resistance may reduce plaque stability, as deleting insulin receptors (IRs) in VSMCs decreases their proliferation and enhances apoptosis.
Methods And Results: Direct effects of insulin on VSMCs to alter plaque composition were studied using mice with double knockout of ApoE and IR genes in VSMCs with SMIRKO/ApoE-/-, Myh11-CreERT2EYFP+/ApoE-/-, and Myh11-CreERT2EYFP+IRKO/ApoE-/- mice, which were also used for lineage tracing studies.
Ophthalmol Sci
March 2024
Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Purpose: Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for early lesions of diabetic retinal disease (DRD). Updating the DRD staging system to incorporate relevant basic and cellular mechanisms pertinent to DRD is necessary to better address early disease, disease progression, the use of therapeutic interventions, and treatment effectiveness.
Design: We sought to review preclinical and clinical evidence on basic and cellular mechanisms potentially pertinent to DRD that might eventually be relevant to update the DRD staging system.
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