Techno-economic assessment of potential zones for offshore wind energy: A methodology.

This work presents a methodology for the techno-economic assessment and comparison of potential zones for the development of offshore wind energy. The methodology is illustrated through a case study in North Spain, using the high-potential zones designated by the Spanish government. The main elements considered include the bathymetry (water depths), energy production and total working hours based on the wind climate, maintenance windows based on the wave climate, and distance to selected port facilities that can accommodate the installation and operational and maintenance phases of an offshore wind farm. An interesting dichotomy arises moving from west to east along N Spain - energy production and working hours decrease, but maintenance windows increase. Given that both aspects play a role in the costs of an offshore wind project, pondering them adequately is crucial, and the selection of a particular zone for development may depend on project-specific cost models. Water depths may preclude the installation of bottom-fixed structures in certain areas; importantly, they may also represent a constraint for the deployment of certain floating concepts, particularly in the high-potential zones of the Cantabrian Sea. Finally, ports capable of servicing the offshore wind farms are identified and distances to all high-potential zones, calculated. By examining the unique properties of the high-potential zones, this methodology, which can be applied to other regions of interest for offshore wind, provides valuable insights into the advantages and challenges of offshore wind development at each site and thereby contributes to informed decision-making.