Neuronal activity and neurochemical stimulation trigger spatio-temporal changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of Na ions in astrocytes. These changes constitute the substrate for Na signalling and are fundamental for astrocytic excitability. Astrocytic Na signals are generated by Na influx through neurotransmitter transporters, with primary contribution of glutamate transporters, and through cationic channels; whereas recovery from Na transients is mediated mainly by the plasmalemmal Na/K ATPase. Astrocytic Na signals regulate the activity of plasmalemmal transporters critical for homeostatic function of astrocytes, thus providing real-time coordination between neuronal activity and astrocytic support.
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