Omega fatty acid ratios and neurodegeneration in a healthy environment.

Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat

University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Etlik, Ankara 06018, Turkey.

Published: February 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's present major public health challenges, with both genetic and environmental factors, particularly diet and lifestyle, playing a role.
  • This study investigates how Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids affect neuroinflammation using BV-2 microglial cells, examining cell viability, cytokine production, and cellular changes based on different fatty acid ratios.
  • Findings indicate that a 2/1 Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio decreases cell viability while altering cytokine secretion, revealing complex interactions that could influence neuroinflammatory processes and suggesting a need for further research into their implications for neurodegenerative diseases.

Article Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis pose substantial public health challenges. While genetics play a primary role, recent research emphasizes the impact of environmental factors, particularly diet and lifestyle. This study investigates the initiating effects of Omega (ω)- 3 and Omega (ω)- 6 fatty acids on neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to these diseases. Using BV-2 microglial cells, we explored the influence of different fatty acid compositions and ratios on cell viability, cytokine production, morphological changes, and lipid peroxidation. Notably, a 2/1 ω-6:ω-3 ratio led to decreased cell viability. Fatty acid compositions influenced cytokine secretion, with reduced TNF-α suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. IL-17 increased, while IL-4 and IL-10 decreased in the 15/1 ω-6:ω-3 ratio, indicating complex cytokine interactions. This study found that polyunsaturated fatty acids interventions induced microglial activation, altering cell morphology even without immunostimulants. These findings demonstrate the intricate nature of fatty acid interactions with microglial cells and their potential implications for neuroinflammation. Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and their relevance to neurodegenerative diseases, informing possible therapeutic strategies.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106799DOI Listing

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