Antibiofilm potential of gallic acid against and : and analysis.

Biofilm refers to a community of microorganisms that adhere to a substrate and play a crucial role in microbial pathogenesis and developing infections associated with medical devices. and are classified as significant nosocomial pathogens within the ESKAPE category and cause diverse infections. In addition to their reputation as prolific biofilm formers, these pathogens are increasingly becoming drug-resistant and pose a substantial threat to the healthcare setting. Due to the inherent resistance of biofilms to conventional therapies, novel strategies are imperative for effectively controlling and biofilms. This study aimed to assess the anti-biofilm activity of gallic acid (GA) against and . The results of biofilm quantification assays demonstrated that GA exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against and at concentrations of 4 mg mL, 2 mg mL, 1 mg mL, and 0.5 mg mL. Similarly, GA exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in violacein production, a QS-regulated purple pigment, indicating its ability to suppress violacein production and disrupt QS mechanisms in Additionally, computational tools were utilized to identify the potential target involved in the biofilm formation pathway. The computational analysis further indicated the strong binding affinity of GA to essential biofilm regulators, MrkH and LuxS, suggesting its potential in targeting the c-di-GMP and quorum sensing (QS) pathways to hinder biofilm formation in . These compelling findings strongly advocate GA as a promising drug candidate against biofilm-associated infections caused by and