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Background: Nearly all countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and, therefore, support children having access to their rights. However, only a small minority of children worldwide have access to their environmental, economic, and social rights. The most recent global effort to address these deficits came in 2015, when the United Nations General Assembly agreed to a plan for a fairer and more sustainable future by 2030 and outlined the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One remediable cause is the lack of revenue in many countries, which affects all SDGs. However, illicit financial flows from low-income to high-income countries, including international tax abuse, continue unabated.
Methods: Using the most recent estimates of tax abuse perpetuated by multinational companies and tax evasion through offshore wealth, and precise econometric modelling, we illustrate the potential regarding child rights (or progress towards the SDGs) if there was an increase in revenue equivalent to tax abuse in Malawi, a low-income country particularly vulnerable to climate change. The Government Revenue and Development Estimations model provides realistic estimates of government revenue changes in developmental outcomes. Using panel data on government revenue per capita, it models the impact of increased revenue on governance and SDG progress.
Results: If cross-border tax abuse and tax evasion were curtailed, the equivalent increase in government revenue in one country, Malawi, would be associated with 12,000 and 20,000 people having access to basic water and sanitation respectively each year. Each year, an additional 5000 children would attend school, 150 additional children would survive, and 10 mothers would survive childbirth.
Conclusions: More children would access their economic and social rights if actions were taken to close the gap in global governance regarding taxation. We discuss the responsibility of duty bearers, the need for a global body to arbitrate and monitor international tax matters, and how the Government of Malawi could take further domestic action to mitigate the gaps in global governance and protect itself against illicit financial flows, including tax abuse.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10652529 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16319-x | DOI Listing |
Front Public Health
December 2024
Addictions Unit, Psychiatry and Psychology Service, ICN, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Introduction: Alcohol-related problems increase the probability of frequent emergency department (ED) use. In this study, we compared the direct healthcare expenses incurred during a single visit among frequent and non-frequent ED users and analyzed the impact of alcohol-related issues in healthcare costs arising from ED usage.
Methods: The study relied on secondary analyses of economic data from a 1:1 matched case-control study with the primary aim of identifying the clinical characteristics of hospital ED frequent users in a Mediterranean European environment with a public, universal, and tax-funded health system.
Int J Drug Policy
December 2024
Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 3650 Olentangy River Road (Suite 110), Columbus, OH 43214, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 1800 Cannon Drive (1335 Lincoln Tower), Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Background: As of August 2023, 20 states in the US have established recreational cannabis retail markets and impose excise taxes on these products. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the bases (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild Abuse Negl
December 2024
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America.
Tob Control
October 2024
Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
Background: Tobacco Free Portfolios urges institutions to pledge against investing in, and to withhold financial services from, tobacco companies. Their goal is to create a 'tobacco-free world'. They argue that without financial and investor support, these companies' operations will become less sustainable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild Maltreat
September 2024
Child Trends, Rockville, MD, USA.
Children experiencing maltreatment in the first 3 years of life are at risk for several developmental challenges throughout the lifespan. Researchers and practitioners have emphasized understanding how institutional supports implemented through state governments may support infants and toddlers' development, but less attention has been paid to the potential effects of state policies on maltreatment specifically. We tested whether state-level policies providing economic and family planning support implemented between 2005-2019 were associated with rates of reported and substantiated abuse and neglect among children under three.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!