Choosing optimal outcome measures maximizes statistical power, accelerates discovery and improves reliability in early-phase trials. We devised and evaluated a modification to a pragmatic measure of oxygenation function, the [Formula: see text] ratio. Because of the ceiling effect in oxyhaemoglobin saturation, [Formula: see text] ratio ceases to reflect pulmonary oxygenation function at high [Formula: see text] values. We found that the correlation of [Formula: see text] with the reference standard ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio) improves substantially when excluding [Formula: see text] and refer to this measure as [Formula: see text]. Using observational data from 39,765 hospitalised COVID-19 patients, we demonstrate that [Formula: see text] is predictive of mortality, and compare the sample sizes required for trials using four different outcome measures. We show that a significant difference in outcome could be detected with the smallest sample size using [Formula: see text]. We demonstrate that [Formula: see text] is an effective intermediate outcome measure in COVID-19. It is a non-invasive measurement, representative of disease severity and provides greater statistical power.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42205-6 | DOI Listing |
J Mol Graph Model
December 2024
CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India. Electronic address:
Multi-scale models in which varying resolutions are considered in a single molecular dynamics simulation setup are gaining importance in integrative modeling. However, combining atomistic and coarse-grain resolutions, especially for coarse-grain force fields derived from top-down approaches, have not been well explored. In this study, we have implemented and tested a dual-resolution simulation approach to model globular proteins in atomistic detail (represented by the CHARMM36 model) with the surrounding solvent in Martini2 coarse-grain detail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology/Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Care, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
Background: The importance of routine hypertension screening in children and adolescents is now well recognized. However, it is often undiagnosed in clinical practice, partly due to the reliance on a complex blood pressure (BP) percentile-based table with hundreds of cutoffs by age, sex, and height.
Main Text: Many studies have explored simplified tools for screening hypertension in children and adolescents, such as simplified formulas, simplified BP tables by age and sex group, by age group, or by height group, and the BP to height ratio.
BMC Palliat Care
December 2024
Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
Background: Patients with advanced chronic non-malignant conditions often experience significant symptom burden. Therefore, overcoming barriers to interprofessional collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and specialist palliative home care (SPHC) teams is essential to facilitate the timely integration of palliative care elements. The KOPAL trial aimed to examine the impact of case conferences between GPs and SPHC teams on symptom burden and pain in patients with advanced chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
The adsorption of ellipsoidal colloidal particles on liquid interfaces induces interfacial deformation, resulting in anisotropic interface-mediated interactions and the formation of superstructures. Soft prolate-shaped microgels at the air-water interface offer an ideal model for studying spontaneous capillary-driven self-assembly due to their tunable aspect ratio, controlled functionality, and softness. These microgels consist of a polystyrene core surrounded by a cross-linked, fluorescently labeled poly([Formula: see text]-isopropylmethylacrylamide) shell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Social network extensions of Heider's balance theory have led to a plethora of adaptations, often inconsistent with Heider and each other. We present a general model that permits the description and testing of specific balance theoretic predictions as Heider had originally proposed them. We formulate balance statements as a comparison of two conditional probabilities of a tie: [Formula: see text], conditioned on 2-path relations [Formula: see text] vs.
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