Screening and Constructing of Novel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibiting Peptides from Walnut Protein Isolate and Their Mechanisms of Action: A Merged In Silico and In Vitro Study.

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing City, 100083, China.

Published: March 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to isolate ACE-inhibiting peptides from walnut protein isolate, with optimal conditions set at 15 minutes and 400 W.
  • Two new peptides, Tyr-Ile-Gln (YIQ) and Ile-Tyr-Gln (IYQ), were identified, alongside a novel synthetic peptide, Ile-Lys-Gln (IKQ), which showed enhanced ACE-inhibiting activity.
  • The study suggests these peptides could be non-toxic and beneficial for nitric oxide production, highlighting the potential of ultrasonicated walnut protein as a source for developing functional food ingredients.

Article Abstract

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibiting peptides were isolated from walnut protein isolate (WPI) using ultrasound-assisted extraction. This study aimed to assess the impact of ultrasonic pretreatment on the physicochemical properties of WPI. The optimal extraction conditions for WPI were determined as a 15-min ultrasonic treatment at 400 W. Subsequently, the hydrolysate exhibiting the highest in vitro ACE-inhibiting activity underwent further processing and separation steps, including ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, ADMET screening, and molecular docking. As a result of this comprehensive process, two previously unidentified ACE-inhibiting peptides, namely Tyr-Ile-Gln (YIQ) and Ile-Tyr-Gln (IYQ), were identified. In addition, a novel peptide, Ile-Lys-Gln (IKQ), was synthesized, demonstrating superior ACE-inhibiting activity and temperature stability. In silico analysis estimated an in vivo utilization rate of 21.7% for IKQ. These peptides were observed to inhibit ACE through an anti-competitive mechanism, with molecular docking simulations suggesting an interaction mechanism involving hydrogen bonding. Notably, both IYQ and IKQ peptides exhibited no discernible toxicity to HUVECs cells and promoted nitric oxide (NO) generation. These findings underscore the potential of ultrasonicated WPI in the separation of ACE-inhibiting peptides and their utility in the development of novel ACE inhibitors for functional food applications.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-023-01122-1DOI Listing

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