Azulene, a blue structural isomer of naphthalene, is introduced as the backbone for a new family of Pd(II)-based self-assemblies. Three organic ligands, equipped with varying donor groups, produce three [PdL] cages of different cavity dimensions. Unexpectedly, the addition of organic disulfonate guests to the smallest lantern-shaped cage (featuring pyridine donors) led to a rapid and quantitative transformation to a distorted-tetrahedral [PdL] species. On the contrary, [PdL] cages formed from ligands with isoquinoline donors either just encapsulated the guests or showed no interaction. The tetrahedral species could be fully reverted back to its original [PdL] topology by capturing the guest by another, stronger binding [PdL'] coordination cage, narcissistically self-sorting from the first cage. The azulenes, serving as colored hydrocarbon backbones of minimal atom count, allow one to follow cage assembly and guest-induced transformation by the naked eye. Furthermore, we propose that their peculiar electronic structure influences the system's assembly behavior.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c09295 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
November 2024
Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Current synthetic methods towards Pt(II) lantern-shaped cages involve the use of dry solvent, inert atmosphere, lengthy reaction times, and highly variable yields if isolated. Starting materials such as [Pt(CHCN)](BF) suffer from a poor shelf-life, reducing the synthetic accessibility of various Pt(II) architectures. A new Pt(II) source (with varied counterions), [Pt(3-ClPy)](X) (3-ClPy=3-chloropyridine, X=BF , OTf, NO ), is developed and characterised, showing greatly enhanced shelf-life characteristics under ambient atmospheric conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
October 2024
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
Large self-assembled systems (such as metallosupramolecular rings and cages) can be difficult to structurally characterize, in particular when they show a highly dynamic behavior. In the gas-phase, Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), in tandem with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI MS), can yield valuable insights into the size, shape and dynamics of such supramolecular assemblies. However, the detailed relationship between experimental IMS data and the actual gas-phase structure is still poorly understood for soft and flexible self-assemblies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
June 2024
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
While metal-mediated self-assembly is a popular technique to construct discrete nanosized objects, highly symmetric structures, built from one type of ligand at a time, are dominating reported systems. The tailored integration of a set of different ligands requires sophisticated approaches to avoid narcissistic separation or formation of statistical mixtures. Here, we demonstrate how the combination of three structure-guiding effects (metal-templated macrocyclization, additional bridging ligands and shape-complementarity) based on Co(III)salphen metal nodes allows for a rational and high-yielding synthesis of structurally complex, lantern-shaped cages with up to four differentiable bridges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Chem
April 2024
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
Self-assembled hosts, inspired by biological receptors and catalysts, show application potential in sustainable synthesis, energy conversion and medicine. Implementing multiple functionalities in the form of distinguishable building blocks, however, is difficult without risking narcissistic self-sorting or a statistical mess. Here we report a systematic series of integratively self-assembled heteroleptic cages in which two square-planar Pd cations are bridged by four different bis-pyridyl ligands, A, B, C and D, via synergistic effects to exclusively form a single isomer-the lantern-shaped cage [PdABCD].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
November 2023
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
Azulene, a blue structural isomer of naphthalene, is introduced as the backbone for a new family of Pd(II)-based self-assemblies. Three organic ligands, equipped with varying donor groups, produce three [PdL] cages of different cavity dimensions. Unexpectedly, the addition of organic disulfonate guests to the smallest lantern-shaped cage (featuring pyridine donors) led to a rapid and quantitative transformation to a distorted-tetrahedral [PdL] species.
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