The water of high Andean lakes is strongly affected by anthropic activities. However, due to its complexity this ecosystem is poorly researched. This study analyzes water quality using Sentinel-2 (S2) images in high Andean lakes with apparent different eutrophication states. Spatial and temporal patterns are assessed for biophysical water variables from automatic products as obtained from versions of C2RCC (Case 2 Regional Coast Color) processor (i.e., C2RCC, C2X, and C2X-COMPLEX) to observe water characteristics and eutrophication states in detail. These results were validated using in situ water sampling. C2X-COMPLEX appeared to be an appropriate option to study bodies of water with a complex dynamic of water composition. C2RCC was adequate for lakes with high transparency, typical for lakes of highlands with excellent water quality. The Yambo lake, with chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL) values of 79.6 ± 5 mg/m, was in the eutrophic to hyper-eutrophic state. The Colta lake, with variable values of CHL, was between the oligotrophic to mesotrophic state, and the Atillo lakes, with values of 0.16 ± 0.1 mg/m, were oligotrophic and even ultra-oligotrophic, which remained stable in the last few years. Automatic S2 water products give information about water quality, which in turn makes it possible to analyze its causes.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10650759 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218774 | DOI Listing |
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