Students are less likely to hear and understand teacher-delivered directions or instructions when they are attending to other activities (e.g., a classmate, a previously assigned task). A classroom management system known as the Color Wheel System includes rules and transition procedures designed to increase the probability that students stop their current activities and attend to teachers as they deliver directions or instructions for the next activity. A withdrawal design was used to evaluate the effects of the Color Wheel System on a teacher's repeated directions in a first-grade general-education classroom. Results showed large and immediate decreases in teacher repeated directions both times the Color Wheel System was applied and an immediate increase when it was withdrawn. Discussion focuses on limitations and directions for future longitudinal research evaluating the effects of the Color Wheel System on uninterrupted teaching and learning time, classroom climates, student-teacher relationships, and compliance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Food Chem
February 2025
School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; International Flavour Research Centre (Adelaide), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
The flavour of tea as a worldwide popular beverage has been studied extensively. This study aimed to apply established flavour analysis techniques (GC-MS, GC-O-MS and APCI-MS/MS) in innovative ways to characterise the flavour profile of oolong tea infusions for two types of oolong tea (type A- Shuixian, type B- Rougui). GC-MS identified 48 aroma compounds, with type B having a higher abundance of most compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Oral Health
October 2024
Faculty of Science, Department of Statistics, Ege University, Izmir, 35040, Turkey.
Int J Clin Pediatr Dent
August 2024
Clinical Dental Practitioner, Bulsan Cosmo Dental Clinic, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Background: One of the major concerns of the current era is dental anxiety in Pediatric Dentistry. Kids are very well adapted to emojis or emoticons nowadays, and they represent emotions or moods better than a cartoon picture. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate a newly designed anxiety rating scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2024
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, USA.
Determining the extent to which the perceptual world can be recovered from language is a longstanding problem in philosophy and cognitive science. We show that state-of-the-art large language models can unlock new insights into this problem by providing a lower bound on the amount of perceptual information that can be extracted from language. Specifically, we elicit pairwise similarity judgments from GPT models across six psychophysical datasets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtten Percept Psychophys
August 2024
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
A major constraining factor for attentional selection is the similarity between targets and distractors. When similarity is low, target items can be identified quickly and efficiently, whereas high similarity can incur large costs on processing speed. Models of visual search contrast a fast, efficient parallel stage with a slow serial processing stage where search times are strongly modulated by the number of distractors in the display.
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