Air Efficient Soft Wearable Robot for High-Torque Elbow Flexion Assistance.

Recent developments in soft wearable robots have shown promise for assistive and rehabilitative use-cases. For inflatable approaches, a major challenge in developing portable systems is finding a balance between portability, performance, and usability. In this paper, we present a textile-based robotic sleeve that can provide functional elbow flexion assistance and is compatible with a portable actuation unit (PAU). Flexion is driven by a curved textile actuator with internal pneumatic supports (IPS). We show that the addition of IPS improves torque generation and increases battery-powered actuations by 60%. We demonstrate that the device can provide enough torque throughout the ROM of the elbow joint for daily life assistance. Specifically, the device generates 13.5 Nm of torque at 90°. Experimental testing in five healthy individuals and two individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) demonstrates its impact on wearer muscle activity and kinematics. The results with healthy subjects show that the device was able to reduce the bicep muscle activity by an average of 49.1±13.3% during static and dynamic exercises, 43.6±11.1% during simulated ADLs, and provided an assisted ROM of 134°±13°. Both ALS participants reported a reduced rate of perceived exertion during both static and dynamic tasks while wearing the device and had an average ROM of 115°±8°. Future work will explore other applications of the IPS and extend the approach to assisting multiple joints.