Pharmacy work: Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards across role and setting.

Background: Pharmacists' and pharmacy technicians' stress and job turnover are at an all-time high. Both intrinsic motivations and extrinsic rewards play key roles in workplace satisfaction. Differences in workplace satisfaction have been identified when comparing chain pharmacies, independent pharmacies, and health systems work settings.

Objectives: Cognitive evaluation theory was applied to explore the influence of intrinsic motivations and extrinsic rewards on both pharmacists' and pharmacy technicians' perceptions of motivations and rewards across various workplace settings.

Methods: A 92-item questionnaire was administered to 129 pharmacists and 111 pharmacy technicians. Participants were primarily recruited at a state pharmacy association annual meeting and via online forums. The questionnaire captured participant demographics including role and work setting (i.e., chain, independent, or health systems), demographic variables, and perceptions about work including autonomy, competence, relationships, pay satisfaction, and benefit satisfaction.

Results: A 2-way multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to test hypothesized differences by role (pharmacist or pharmacy technician) and setting (chain, independent, or health systems). Results show pharmacy personnel in independent and hospital systems settings felt more positive about relationships, competence, pay satisfaction, and benefit satisfaction than those in chain settings. There were no role differences between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians on these outcomes.

Discussion: These findings highlight challenges of working in chain pharmacy environments. Results reveal that although pay does not differ across work settings, feelings about both the work and compensation satisfaction do vary across settings. Because role did not drive these relationships, this suggests a need to attend to working conditions for pharmacy personnel.

Conclusion: Intrinsic motivation elements of competence and relationships are statistically different among employment settings. Relationships and feelings of competence are perceived more favorably in independent and health systems, rather than chain settings. More studies on intrinsic motivations of pharmacy employees within these settings are needed.