As the prevalence of allergy and autoimmune disease in industrialized societies continues to rise, improving our understanding of the mechanistic roles behind microbiota-immune homeostasis has become critical for informing therapeutic interventions in cases of dysbiosis. Of particular importance, are alterations to intestinal microbiota occurring within the critical neonatal window, during which the immune system is highly vulnerable to environmental exposures. This review will highlight recent literature concerning mechanisms of early-life microbiota-immune homeostasis as well as discuss the potential for therapeutics in restoring dysbiosis in early life.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266876 | DOI Listing |
Phytomedicine
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. Electronic address:
Background: Gut microbiota plays an important role in multiple human physiological processes and an imbalance in it, including the species, abundance, and metabolites can lead to diseases. These enteric microorganisms modulate immune homeostasis by presenting a myriad of antigenic determinants and microbial metabolites. Medicinal and food homologous (MFH) plants, edible herbal materials for both medicine and food, are important parts of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Microbes
December 2025
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
How the gut microbiota and immune system maintain intestinal homeostasis in concert with the enteric nervous system (ENS) remains incompletely understood. To address this gap, we assessed small intestinal transit, enteric neuronal density, enteric neurogenesis, intestinal microbiota, immune cell populations and cytokines in wildtype and T-cell deficient germ-free mice colonized with specific pathogen-free (SPF) microbiota, conventionally raised SPF and segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-monocolonized mice. SPF microbiota increased small intestinal transit in a T cell-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo 90146, Italy. Electronic address:
The innate immune system is the first player involved in the recognition/interaction with nanomaterials. Still, it is not the only system involved. The co-evolution of the microbiota with the innate immune system built an interdependence regulating immune homeostasis that is poorly studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Musculoskelet Disord
October 2024
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) results from a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue due to estrogen deficiency, which may increase the incidence of fragility fractures. In recent years, the "gut-immune response-bone" axis has been proposed as a novel potential approach in the prevention and treatment of PMO. Studies on ovariectomized murine model indicated the reciprocal role of Th17 cells and Treg cells in the aetiology of osteoporosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeriodontol 2000
October 2024
Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
This review highlights the significance of interactions between the microbiota, immune system, nervous and hormonal systems, and the brain on periodontal health and disease. Microorganisms in the microbiota, immune cells, and neurons communicate via homeostatic nervous and hormonal systems, regulating vital body functions. By modulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adaptive immune responses, these systems control the composition and number of microorganisms in the microbiota.
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